The Different Types and Properties of Bricks

From traditional burnt clay bricks to eco-friendly brick alternatives, we delve into the different types of bricks used in construction today.  Whether you're a construction professional or simply intrigued about the building materials around you, you will learn all about the world of bricks in this blog.
 

What are bricks ?

Bricks are a type of building material typically made of concrete, sand, lime, or clay. They are generally used to construct walls, pavements, and other types of architecture. Bricks can be produced in a variety of shapes and types depending on the materials used to make them and the use for which they are intended. It is because of their sturdiness, strength, and fire resistance, that they continue to be a popular building material.
 

Different types of bricks

Here are some of the different types of bricks :

• 1. Sun-dried bricks

• These are made by moulding wet clay mixed with straw or other fibres and then allowing them to dry in the sun. Sun-dried bricks are not as strong and durable as fired bricks, but they are cheaper to produce and are commonly used for temporary structures.
  

• 2. Burnt clay bricks

• These bricks are strong, durable, and come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colours. They are made by moulding wet clay and then firing them at high temperatures in a kiln. There are 4 different types of bricks that are classified under burnt clay bricks and they are widely used for construction purposes, especially in areas where clay is abundant. Here are a few of its different types :
  
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• • 1) First class bricks :

    These are of high quality and are uniform in size, shape, and colour. They have sharp edges, are free from cracks and other defects, and produce a clear ringing sound when struck. First-class bricks are typically used for load-bearing structures and for exposed walls.
    
    

  • 2) Second class bricks :

    These are similar to first-class bricks but may have minor defects such as irregular shapes, sizes, or colours. They are still suitable for load-bearing walls but may not be used for exposed walls.
    
    

  • 3) Third class bricks :

    These are highly irregular in shape, size, and colour and have significant cracks, distortions, and other defects. They are not suitable for load-bearing structures and are often used for non-structural purposes such as garden walls or landscaping.
    
    

  • 4) Fourth class bricks :

    These are over-burnt or under-burnt and have poor quality. They are unsuitable for any construction purposes as they may have cracks, distortions, and other defects.
    

• 3. Fly ash bricks

• These are made by mixing fly ash (a waste product from coal-fired power plants), cement, and water, and then compressing the mixture into moulds. They are a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to traditional clay bricks and are commonly used for load-bearing structures.
  

• 4. Concrete bricks

• These are made by mixing cement, sand, and water, and then pouring the mixture into moulds. They are strong, durable, and resistant to fire and weathering. These bricks are commonly used for load-bearing structures and as paving blocks.
  

• 5. Engineering bricks

• These are specially designed for use in structural applications. They are made from high-quality clay that is fired at very high temperatures, making them strong, dense, and resistant to water and chemicals. Bricks of this type are commonly used in areas where the bricks are certain to l be exposed to heavy loads or where water resistance is required.
  

• 6. Calcium silicate bricks

• These are made from sand and lime and are known for their strength, durability, and resistance to fire. They are lightweight and have good insulation properties, making them suitable for use in high-rise buildings or in areas where thermal insulation is important.
  

• 7. Eco bricks

• These types of bricks are made from recycled materials such as plastic bottles, paper, and other waste products. They are an eco-friendly alternative to traditional bricks and are gaining popularity due to their sustainability. They are commonly used for non-structural purposes such as garden walls, landscaping, or decorative features.
  
  

How to identify bricks ?

Bricks can be identified by their size, colour, texture, and sound when tapped. Here are some steps to help you identify bricks :

• 1. Size :

• Bricks come in various sizes, but the most common size is 8.5 inches by 4.25 inches by 2.75 inches (215 mm x 102.5 mm x 65 mm). You can measure the brick to determine its size.
  

• 2. Colour :

• Bricks can come in a variety of colours, including red, brown, grey, and cream. The colour can be influenced by the materials used to make the brick, the firing process, and the additives used in the production.
  

• 3. Texture :

• Bricks can have different textures depending on their intended use. Bricks used for load-bearing walls have a smooth surface and sharp edges, while bricks used for decorative purposes may have a rough texture or a pattern.
  

• 4. Sound :

• When tapped, a high-quality brick should produce a clear ringing sound. If the brick produces a dull thud, it may be low-quality or damaged.
  

Mistakes during brick masonry can be avoided by consulting with a professional before using bricks for any construction project. Having the right brickwork is very important for the strong walls of your home.

What are the properties of bricks?

• 1. Hardness

• The hardness of bricks determines their ability to withstand wear and tear. Bricks with high hardness are more durable and long-lasting.
  

• 2. Compressive strength

• This is the ability of bricks to resist compression. It is an important factor to determine the load-bearing capacity of a wall. Bricks are tested for compressive strength using a test on bricks called a compressive strength test.
  

• 3. Absorption

• Absorption refers to the ability of bricks to absorb water. Bricks with low absorption rates are more suitable for construction purposes as they are less likely to crack or weaken when exposed to water.

• 4. Thermal conductivity

• The thermal conductivity of bricks determines their ability to conduct heat. Bricks with low thermal conductivity are better suited for insulation purposes as they can help maintain a consistent temperature inside a building.
  

• 5. Efflorescence

• Efflorescence is the appearance of white deposits on the surface of bricks due to the presence of soluble salts. It can cause discolouration and weaken the brick.
  

• 6. Alkali resistance

• Alkali resistance is the ability of bricks to resist the effects of alkaline materials, such as cement. Bricks with high alkali resistance are less likely to degrade or become damaged when exposed to these materials.
  
  
• Overall, understanding the properties of bricks is important to ensure they are suitable for their intended use and will perform well over time. Testing of bricks, such as the compressive strength test, can help determine their quality and durability.